The nonradiative changeover charges follow the formula WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), wherever p is the quantity of phonons matching the energy gap. The nonradiative changeover charges of Er3+ exhibit temperature dependence in step with the multiphonon leisure idea. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative leisure costs is complicated https://omarc680zxu0.celticwiki.com/user